The HCTI is a 57-item personality measure based on the theory of the revolutionary psychoanalyst Karen Horney (1885-1992) that normal people move freely along three dimensions: Moving Toward Others (Compliant Type), Moving Against Others (Aggressive Type), or Moving Away from Others (Detached Type). Horney proposed that neurotic individuals were often fixated along a single dimension. The HCTI has empirically demonstrated test-retest and scale reliability and construct validity (with modern personality disorders), and the HCTI has norms on 630 purportedly normal people age 15 years old to 90 years old.